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Due to this fact, gelatin capsules are not suitable to be taken by people who hold a strong religious value that prevent consuming certain animals for certain religious reasons (Smith et al., Citation2011).
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The word gelatin is taken from the Latin “gelatus” which means rigid or frozen wherein the main sources are from animal skin especially pigskin and lard (Mohd Salleh et al., Citation2013). According to Capsugel, a major manufacturer of capsules, most soft gel capsules are made from gelatin (Gmia, Citation2012). These capsules have an appealing look and a smooth finish that make them easier to swallow. Hence, the soft gel capsules will probably be encountered. Nowadays, many people are concerned about their health and are taking supplements such as Vitamin E or fish oil and the list goes on in order to increase the immunity of their body and make them stronger (Ab Halim et al., Citation2014). From the experimental result, it can be concluded that pork fat shows distinguishable trend compared with chicken and beef fat which perform similar trend in variation of reflection coefficient (|S 11|), dielectric constant (έ) and dielectric loss (ἔ) throughout the frequency range from 0.2 GHz to 20 GHz. The measurement of reflection coefficient was made with a network analyzer in the frequency range of 0.2 GHz to 20 GHz. The different levels of moisture content inside the fat will affect the measurement value of reflection coefficient as the moisture content will change the dielectric properties of the animal fat.
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The fresh animal fat was used and the moisture content of the animal fat was manipulated by using the oven-drying technique. For this project, the high-temperature probe is used to measure the sample of animal fat for instance chicken, beef and pork fat. These probes use the principle of microwave method and allow the measurement to be made in a fast and non-destructive way. This project applied the measurement of reflection coefficient by using the high-temperature probes. In this work, various types of animal fat will measure dielectrically to distinguish them for the development of the detection system. Gelatin plays a vital role in modern food processing as it has been used in many food preparations and is commonly used to make the pharmaceuticals capsule these days. Halal has been a long-disputed issue due to the reason of its complexity consequently of swift advancement in innovation and technology.
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